Bryophytes are generally found in moist, shaded habitats, but may also grow in dry, sunny locations. Bryophytes will grow on various substrates, from the bark of trees to rocks, and even on highly disturbed soil.

When attempting to identify bryophytes it is best to bring a hand lens into the field. This is because many features of bryophytes are too small to see with an unaided eye. Its also beneficial to bring brown paper bags, as well as a pencil. Brown paper bags are an easy way to store the collected moss, as the paper bags are breathable and will allow a damp moss to dry out, making it less likely to be destroyed by fungal parasites. The pencil can then be used to mark key identification features on the bag, as well as habitat information. Notes on the ecology can often prove to be useful when attempting to key out an unknown species.

Most species must be studied underneath a microscope for positive identification. In some cases special microscopy techniques have to be used, such as cross sectioning of leaves and stems, in order to make accurate identifications. Most books and keys that are available for bryophyte identification emphasize microscopic characteristics .